ADVERBS ( KATA KETERANGAN)

 

 

Adverb (Kata Keterangan).

What’s an adverb?

Adverbs of Frequency

 

An adverb is a word used for describing a verb (an action), an adjective, and another adverb, or a whole sentence. 

·       A Verb: e.g., he walks slowly. (Dia berjalan perlahan / dengan pelan).

·       An adjective: e.g., it’s incredibly expensive. (Ini sangat mahal).

·       Another adverb, or a whole sentence: e.g., he works very hard.

Adverbs in English often consist of an adjective with, -ly” added, for example, quickly, mainly, and cheerfully.

Adverbs are divided into some parts, Adverbs of time, adverbs of place, adverbs of manner, adverbs of frequency, adverbs of degree, and comment adverbs.

1.      Adverbs of Manner (kata Keterangan cara)

Adverbs of manners are used to describe how somebody does something. They usually go AFTER the verb or verb phrase, however, with passive verbs they usually go in mid-position (before the main verb but after an auxiliary verb).

For example :

·       He runs very fast. ( Dia berlari sangat cepat).

·       The driver was seriously injured. ( Sopirnya mengalami luka serius).

                           

2.      Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of frequency go before the main verb but after the verb to be.

Examples:

·       I hardly ever have time for breakfast. (almost never). (Saya hampir tidak pernah ada waktu untuk sarapan).

·       Liam is always late for work. (Liam selalu terlambat kerja).

·       Karen realized that she was never going to learn to drive.

Sometimes, usually, and normally can also be put at the beginning of the phrase or sentence for emphasis. If there are two auxiliary verbs, the adverb goes after the first one.

§  I would never have thought you were 40. ( Aku tidak pernah menyangka kamu berusia 40 tahun).

3.      Adverbs of time and place

Adverbs of time and place usually go at the end of a sentence or clause. Place adverbs usually go before time adverbs. ( PLACE, TIME).

For Example : My parents will be here in half an hour. NOT My parents will be in half an hour here.

4.      Adverb of Degree

Adverb of degree describe how much something is done, r modify an adjective.

·       Extremely, incredibly, very, etc., are used with adjectives and adverbs and go before them.

Example: We’re incredibly tired.

·       A lot and much are often used with verbs and go after the verb or verb phrase.

Example: My wife works a lot, but she doesn’t earn much.

·       A little / a little bit can be used before adjectives or after verbs.

e.g.,

§  I’m little tired.

§  We rested a little bit after the flight.

 

5.      Comment Adverbs

Comment adverbs give the speaker’s opinion. Usually go at the beginning of a sentence or clause.

¡  Unfortunalety, the package never arrived.

¡  Ideally, we should leave here at 10.00

Other common comment adverbs are luckily, basically, clearly, obviously, apparently, eventually, etc.

6.      Other Adverbs

Most other adverbs go in mid-position before the main verb.  

For example :

§  I just need ten more minutes.

§  I almost forgot to go to class.

§  I’m nearly finished with my work.

§  She didn’t even say goodbye.

§  She’ll probably come in the end.

 

Adverbial Quiz

What kind of adverb is it? ( Manner, frequency, time and place, degree or comment?)

1.      Immediatelly

2.      Unfortunately

3.      Incredibly

4.      Shouted angrily

5.      Normally

6.      Slightly

7.      Last month

8.      A lot

9.      Eventually

Correct the following sentences

1.      She liked very much the present

2.      Mark came last night very late home.

3.      A young man was injured badly and was taken to the hospital.

4.      She’s lazy a little bit about doing her homework.

5.      I forgot your birthday almost, but fortunately my sister reminded me.

6.      We luckily had taken an umbrella because it started to rain just after we left.

7.      Jack has been apparently fired.